Hello everyone. My name's Max.
大家好。我叫麦克斯。
This video is going to be relatively short because I'm just going to teach you the different ways of pronouncing "ough".
这个视频会相对较短，因为我要教你们“ough”的不同发音。
Well, there are ten different ways of pronouncing this combination of letters, so it probably won't be that short, but don't panic, because I'm only going to teach you eight of these pronunciations.
这个字母组合有十种不同的发音方式，所以视频也可能不会那么短，但不要惊慌，因为我只会教你八种发音。
Yah, there's a big difference between eight and ten.
是的，8 和 10 之间有很大的区别。
Basically, two of the pronunciations are only found in Scottish and Irish words, and I hadn't actually heard of these words before I did research for this video.
基本上，其中两种发音只存在于苏格兰和爱尔兰的单词中，在我为这个视频做研究之前，我实际上没有听说过这些单词。
So yes, we're just going to focus on eight.
是的，我们只关注 8 个就行。
Pronunciation number one: "o".
读音一："o"。
Like in the word "go".
比如“go”这个词。
This is found in words like: although, though and dough.
这在像 although, though and dough 这样的单词中就可以找到。
"Dough", like in cookie-dough ice cream.
“dough”，就像曲奇饼冰淇淋。
If you haven't heard the word "dough" or if you've seen it, but you didn't know what it meant, dough is the mixture of wet and dry ingredients that you then put in the oven to make bread or cookies.
如果你没听过“dough”这个词，或者你见过它，但你不知道它的意思——dough 就是湿的和干的成分的混合物，然后你把它放在烤箱里做面包或饼干。
The word "d-o-e", doe, is pronounced exactly the same way, but d-o-e is a female deer.
d-o-e，doe，发音与其完全相同，但 d-o-e 是一只母鹿。
Yes, I've probably seen the Sound of Music a few too many times.
是的，我可能看过太多遍《音乐之声》了。
Number two: "oo".
第二个："oo"。
Like in the words "too" and "loo".
比如单词“too”和“loo”。
What is a loo? A loo is just a polite British way of saying toilet.
loo 是什么？“loo”只是英国人说“toilet”的礼貌说法。
The only word you'll probably come across that has "ough" and the sound "oo" is "through".
你可能遇到的唯一一个有“ough”和“oo”发音的单词是“through”。
Very easy.
非常容易。
The third pronunciation is "off".
第三个发音是“off”。
Just like the word "off", o-f-f.
就像“off”这个单词一样。
Some examples include "cough" and "trough".
一些例子包括“cough”和“trough”。
A trough is a container, roughly this size, that farm animals, particularly pigs, eat or drink out of.
trough 是一种容器，大约这么大，是农场动物，尤其是猪，吃东西或喝水的地方。
So if you want to insult somebody, instead of saying, "Enjoy your lunch," you could just say, "Enjoy your trough." Number four: "uff".
所以如果你想侮辱某人，不要说“Enjoy your lunch”，你可以说“Enjoy your trough”。第四个：“uff”。
Like in the word "suffer".
比如单词“受苦”。
You find this in words such as "enough" and "tough".
你会在诸如“enough”和“tough”这样的词中发现这一读音。
Tough, like difficult or strong.
Tough 的意思是困难的或强壮的。
The fifth pronunciation is "ow".
第五个发音是“ow”。
Just like in the word "cow".
就像单词“cow”一样。
This is found in the word "plough".
这在单词“plough”中就有。
I don't think there are many other words that have this.
我不认为有很多其他的单词有这个。
A plough is a machine or instrument… in the past…cows or bulls pulled this.
plough 是一种机器或仪器……过去是牛来拉的。
Go look it up because I grew up in the city.
去查查，因为我是在城里长大的。
Number six: "aw".
第六个："aw"。
Like in the word "jaw".
比如在单词“jaw”中。
This is your jaw.
这是指你的下巴。
There was also a movie that came out several decades ago with a very realistic-looking shark, and it was called Jaws.
几十年前也有一部电影，里面有一条非常逼真的鲨鱼，叫做《大白鲨》。
This is found in words like "ought", "fought" and "thought".
这在单词“ought”，“fighting”和“thought”中都有出现。
Number seven: "?".
第 7 个：“?”。
Just like in the words "above" and "about".
就像单词"above"和"about"一样。
This is the schwa sound. It's "?".
这是弱读音。是“?”。
I know it might sound like I'm burping.
我知道这听起来像是我在打嗝。
That's because I'm using my throat.
那是因为我在用我的喉咙发音。
There's a glottal stop in that.
这里有一个声门阻塞音。
If you have no idea what I'm talking about, don't worry because I'm going to do a video purely on the schwa sound.
如果你不知道我在说什么，别担心，因为我将做一个纯关于弱读音的视频。
We use it a lot in English.
我们在英语中经常用到它。
Some examples of "ough" pronounced as "?" are in "borough" and "thorough".
“ough”发音为“?”的例子有“borough”和“thorough”。
Once again though, the Americans pronounce this somewhat differently.
同样，美国人的发音有点不同。
For borough and thorough, they use the first pronunciation, which is "o", like in "go".
对于 borough 和 thorough，他们会使用第一种发音，即“o”，就像“go”中的“o”一样。
And number eight. You'll love this one.
第 8 个。你们会喜欢这个的。
Well, it is actually pretty easy to remember, to be honest, because there's only one word.
好吧，说实话，这其实很容易记住，因为只有一个单词。
The word is "hiccough".
这个词是“hiccough”。
What is a hiccough?
什么是 hiccough？
A hiccough is when, for example, you laugh too much or you drink too quickly, and you're making sounds like… Anyway, those are hiccoughs.
hiccough 是指，例如，你笑得太多或喝得太快，你发出的声音就像这样……不管怎样，这些都是“打嗝”。
Some people do spell this word h-i-c-c-u-p, because, after all, it is pronounced "hiccup", "up" like up and down.
有些人确实会把这个单词拼成 h-i-c-c-u-p，因为，毕竟，它的发音是“hiccup”，就像 up 和 down 的“up”。
But most people still spell it h-i-c-c-o-u-g-h, because in English we love logic.
但大多数人仍然把它拼成 h-i-c-c-o-u-g-h，因为在英语中我们喜欢逻辑。
That's it guys. I hope you learnt something.
就这样，伙计们。
If you liked this video, please don't forget to subscribe to my channel, and if you have any questions or queries regarding pronunciation, or anything for that matter — provided it's related to English — don't hesitate to write some comments down below.
我希望你学到了一些东西。如果你喜欢这个视频，请不要忘记订阅我的频道，如果你有任何关于发音的问题或疑问，或者任何与英语有关的问题，不要犹豫，在下方写下评论。
Alternatively, you can find out for yourself.
或者，你可以自己去找。
Yes, the Internet is a wonderful place, and there are some very good online dictionaries these days.
是的，互联网是一个很好的地方，现在有一些非常好的在线词典。
Some that I often use are: … But my two personal favourites are: … On these last two, you can find audio files with both British and American pronunciation, and those exist for most words.
所以我常用的是：……但我个人最喜欢的两个是：……在最后两个中，你可以找到有英式发音和美式发音的音频文件，大多数单词都有。
See you next time.
下次见哦。
